Here is a video 50 min long video. If you can't see the video in the thread, I provide the link below the video.
https://youtu.be/7be_7GKKnII
The People and Population of Angkor
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Amazing! So Angkor had around 900,000 people living at the end of 13th century, and of those 900,000, almost 160,000 people lived around a community-temple (Civic Ceremonial Center). Also, the people from the Angkor Metropolan Area (AMA) consisted of many temple-communities, which were approximately 500,000. Then the rest of the population lived on the Embankments.kke802 wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 7:38 amHere is a video 50 min long video. If you can't see the video in the thread, I provide the link below the video.
https://youtu.be/7be_7GKKnII
It means that almost the whole civilization was centered around temples. In Angkor most communities are still centered around a temple, just like in many places all over Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia. No wonder Angkor Wat means: 'temple-city', it was completely full of Buddhist temples all over the whole metropolitan area. It was what Zhou Daguan already described in his report, that every community had a pagoda. It shows how Buddhism was able to unify the whole populations by creating a large network of temples with associated temple communities.
Also, no wonder that the word 'khnom' (ខ្ញុំ) , which means 'temple-servant' in Old Khmer, became the personal first person singular pronoun for 'I' (as in "I walk": ខ្ញុំដើរ; 'khnom daer') in modern Khmer. The whole ancient Khmer population served a temple, from the commoners to the royalty. Their role as temple-servants literally became their name of how they addressed themselves.
The name 'khnom' is descended from the time of the ancient Khmer inscriptions, where it only was used as a noun for the people who were associated with the temples. It is one of the most important Old Khmer nouns, as it seems to be mentioned more than any name for the Khmer people throughout the ancient Khmer inscriptions from the 6th century until even in the last Khmer inscription of the 18th century.
The word 'khnom' was used as a noun until the 17th century, but lost its meaning as a noun in modern Khmer language in the 18th century, but was still continued as the Khmer first singular personal pronoun in modern Khmer language from the 18th century upwards. It is one of the rare ancient Khmer words which was important in the ancient Khmer inscriptions in the 6th century already, and which was continued in Khmer language until modern times.
I have a question about this. Are there any Khmer speakers who could tell me if there are other first person singular pronouns in Khmer language? For example, in Thai language there are different first person singular pronouns, like 'chăn' (ฉัน), 'dì-chăn' (ดิฉัน), 'kâa-pá-jâo' (ข้าพเจ้า), 'póhm' (ผม) and even more. Are there any other first person singular pronouns in Khmer, besides 'khnom' (ខ្ញុំ)?
- Orichá
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I would interpret it quite differently: "...it shows how Buddhism and Hinduism became tools of subjugation, which the kings of Angkor exploited to enslave the entire populace under a strict hierarchy of despotic absolutism..." I also think that whether or not the kings and queens of Angkor were pious believers or not is irrelevant to the fact that they used religion to control the people absolutely.SEAhistory wrote: ↑Tue Apr 13, 2021 8:58 pm
... it was completely full of Buddhist temples all over the whole metropolitan area. It was what Zhou Daguan already described in his report, that every community had a pagoda. It shows how Buddhism was able to unify the whole populations by creating a large network of temples with associated temple communities.
Also, no wonder that the word 'khnom' (ខ្ញុំ) , which means 'temple-servant' in Old Khmer, became the personal first person singular pronoun for 'I' (as in "I walk": ខ្ញុំដើរ; 'khnom daer') in modern Khmer. The whole ancient Khmer population served a temple, from the commoners to the royalty. Their role as temple-servants literally became their name of how they addressed themselves.
The name 'khnom' is descended from the time of the ancient Khmer inscriptions, where it only was used as a noun for the people who were associated with the temples. It is one of the most important Old Khmer nouns, as it seems to be mentioned more than any name for the Khmer people throughout the ancient Khmer inscriptions from the 6th century until even in the last Khmer inscription of the 18th century.
Indeed, don't we continue to see this same sort of heavy-handedness in many East Asian states today, like Myanmar, which had a nominal, short-lived democracy? Thailand has never really had any functional democracy ever at all... Hmmm... Buddhism and Hinduism was a mask for power, and the religiosity of the people and rulers, or not, seems entirely a moot point... Only my opinion...
...I once asked my Cambodian literature students what the original meaning of the nominative "khnom" was, and they told me that in ancient times it was synonymous with the word, "slave" or "servant"... They told me that this usage was largely forgotten...
"Storytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it."
...Hannah Arendt
...Hannah Arendt
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It has been debated among historians whether the name 'khnom' means 'slave' or 'servant'. It was used by the Cambodian royalty in the 17th century to address servitude in regards to the Japanese empire. There are letters from the king's exchange with the Japanese where he addresses himself as 'khnom sala' in order to express servitude, which dispells the idea it means slave....I once asked my Cambodian literature students what the original meaning of the nominative "khnom" was, and they told me that in ancient times it was synonymous with the word, "slave" or "servant"... They told me that this usage was largely forgotten...
In 1702AD we find the first Khmer inscription where 'khnom' is used as the first person pronoun of the ruler of the Angkor region. The language of Khmer could have changed, or the word 'khnom' could have always been the first person pronoun.
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Very interesting... You are probably right...
For a good real life example of how the ancient kings treated prisoners of war... Visit Banteay Chhmar -- a lovely ruin in Cambodia's far far northwestern corner. I snapped this photo of a detail on the well-preserved northern interior wall... The mural portrays the victorious king after battle, standing over the losers, who line the bottom, kneeling, arms tied behind their backs, ropes around their necks..
https://www.google.com/maps/@14.0703239 ... 369,15.25z
For a good real life example of how the ancient kings treated prisoners of war... Visit Banteay Chhmar -- a lovely ruin in Cambodia's far far northwestern corner. I snapped this photo of a detail on the well-preserved northern interior wall... The mural portrays the victorious king after battle, standing over the losers, who line the bottom, kneeling, arms tied behind their backs, ropes around their necks..
https://www.google.com/maps/@14.0703239 ... 369,15.25z
"Storytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it."
...Hannah Arendt
...Hannah Arendt
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People were tied up during warfare 800 years ago and taken as prisoners? That's crazy.. I hope since then people all around the world have learned to not tie up other people and take them as prisoners anymore. Ow, wait..Orichá wrote: ↑Wed Apr 14, 2021 9:32 pmVery interesting... You are probably right...
For a good real life example of how the ancient kings treated prisoners of war... Visit Banteay Chhmar -- a lovely ruin in Cambodia's far far northwestern corner. I snapped this photo of a detail on the well-preserved northern interior wall... The mural portrays the victorious king after battle, standing over the losers, who line the bottom, kneeling, arms tied behind their backs, ropes around their necks..
https://www.google.com/maps/@14.0703239 ... 369,15.25z
Whoa that was super cool. Great find! Those lidar images look like something straight out of Sim City.kke802 wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 7:38 amHere is a video 50 min long video. If you can't see the video in the thread, I provide the link below the video.
https://youtu.be/7be_7GKKnII
There's 'ang' (អញ) which is what you'd probably use around friends or when speaking to someone younger. And then there are ones that are spoken in religious or royal settings like 'atmaa' (អាត្មា, used by monks) and 'tuol bangkum' (ទូលបង្គំ, used when addressing royalty). In Khmer-Surin, men can also use 'kmaat' (ខ្មាត) which is something I first noticed when watching Sam-A Gaiyanghadao being interviewed in Khmer. These are just the ones that I know of.SEAhistory wrote: ↑Tue Apr 13, 2021 8:58 pmAmazing! So Angkor had around 900,000 people living at the end of 13th century, and of those 900,000, almost 160,000 people lived around a community-temple (Civic Ceremonial Center). Also, the people from the Angkor Metropolan Area (AMA) consisted of many temple-communities, which were approximately 500,000. Then the rest of the population lived on the Embankments.kke802 wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 7:38 amHere is a video 50 min long video. If you can't see the video in the thread, I provide the link below the video.
https://youtu.be/7be_7GKKnII
It means that almost the whole civilization was centered around temples. In Angkor most communities are still centered around a temple, just like in many places all over Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia. No wonder Angkor Wat means: 'temple-city', it was completely full of Buddhist temples all over the whole metropolitan area. It was what Zhou Daguan already described in his report, that every community had a pagoda. It shows how Buddhism was able to unify the whole populations by creating a large network of temples with associated temple communities.
Also, no wonder that the word 'khnom' (ខ្ញុំ) , which means 'temple-servant' in Old Khmer, became the personal first person singular pronoun for 'I' (as in "I walk": ខ្ញុំដើរ; 'khnom daer') in modern Khmer. The whole ancient Khmer population served a temple, from the commoners to the royalty. Their role as temple-servants literally became their name of how they addressed themselves.
The name 'khnom' is descended from the time of the ancient Khmer inscriptions, where it only was used as a noun for the people who were associated with the temples. It is one of the most important Old Khmer nouns, as it seems to be mentioned more than any name for the Khmer people throughout the ancient Khmer inscriptions from the 6th century until even in the last Khmer inscription of the 18th century.
The word 'khnom' was used as a noun until the 17th century, but lost its meaning as a noun in modern Khmer language in the 18th century, but was still continued as the Khmer first singular personal pronoun in modern Khmer language from the 18th century upwards. It is one of the rare ancient Khmer words which was important in the ancient Khmer inscriptions in the 6th century already, and which was continued in Khmer language until modern times.
I have a question about this. Are there any Khmer speakers who could tell me if there are other first person singular pronouns in Khmer language? For example, in Thai language there are different first person singular pronouns, like 'chăn' (ฉัน), 'dì-chăn' (ดิฉัน), 'kâa-pá-jâo' (ข้าพเจ้า), 'póhm' (ผม) and even more. Are there any other first person singular pronouns in Khmer, besides 'khnom' (ខ្ញុំ)?
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Thanks! I know 'kmat' is the masculine version of 'khnom' in Northern-Khmer from Thailand, and it is also derrived from 'khnom' (khnom pat-->kmat), according to linguistic research. It strengthens my hypothesis that the pronoun 'khnom' was used by the Khmer commoner people from at least the beginning of the 18th century, with exeption for religious persons and royalty who use a distinguished pronoun, similar to Thai language.There's 'ang' (អញ) which is what you'd probably use around friends or when speaking to someone younger. And then there are ones that are spoken in religious or royal settings like 'atmaa' (អាត្មា, used by monks) and 'tuol bangkum' (ទូលបង្គំ, used when addressing royalty). In Khmer-Surin, men can also use 'kmaat' (ខ្មាត) which is something I first noticed when watching Sam-A Gaiyanghadao being interviewed in Khmer. These are just the ones that I know of.
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